As consumers become more ingredient-conscious, there’s growing interest in the components used in skincare products, particularly those with names that might sound unfamiliar or chemical. One such ingredient is sodium hydroxide, commonly found in various beauty and personal care items. Today, we will be answering the question that might be on a lot of people’s minds here: Is sodium hydroxide safe in skincare?

What is Sodium Hydroxide and Its Role in Skincare?

Sodium hydroxide, also known as “lye” or “caustic soda”, is a strong alkaline compound that’s commonly used in a variety of industrial and household products. In the context of skincare, sodium hydroxide is traditionally used for its role in adjusting the pH levels of formulations, ensuring they are safe and effective for use on the skin.

Sodium hydroxide has been used for centuries in soap-making, where it has a part in the saponification process – create cleansing and foaming products. During saponification, fats and oils react with sodium hydroxide to create soap, which cleanses the skin by breaking down oils and impurities. Essentially, this ingredient has been known for its role in creating effective yet gentle cleansers when used in appropriate concentrations.

How Sodium Hydroxide is Used in Skincare Formulations

In skincare formulations, sodium hydroxide is primarily used as a pH adjuster. The pH of a skincare product is important for maintaining the skin’s natural balance and ensuring that the product performs as intended. Sodium hydroxide helps ensure that formulations are not too acidic or too alkaline, which could otherwise irritate the skin.

Studies suggest that when used in small, controlled amounts, sodium hydroxide may support the safety and efficacy of skincare products by helping them maintain a pH level that is compatible with the skin’s natural barrier.

Again, in the soap-making process, sodium hydroxide is used in combination with oils and fats to produce soap. During this process, sodium hydroxide undergoes a chemical transformation known as saponification, where it reacts with oils to create soap and glycerin. This reaction neutralizes the sodium hydroxide, leaving no trace of it in the finished product.

Safety of Sodium Hydroxide in Skincare: What Studies Suggest

Various health and safety organizations, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel, have conducted safety assessments on sodium hydroxide. These organizations regulate the concentration of sodium hydroxide in cosmetic products to ensure it is used at safe levels. Typically, sodium hydroxide is used in concentrations of less than 1% in skincare, which studies suggest may support safe usage.

Studies even suggest that when used at low concentrations, sodium hydroxide is unlikely to cause irritation or harm. In fact, its inclusion in skincare formulations is strictly controlled to ensure that it serves its function as a pH adjuster without negatively impacting the skin.

For products like cleansers or soaps, the saponification process neutralizes sodium hydroxide, making the final product safe for use on the skin. Sodium hydroxide’s role as a pH balancer in lotions, creams, and serums also means that it is only present in very small quantities, far below levels that could potentially cause irritation.

Sodium Hydroxide in Skincare Products: Benefits/Functions, Common Misconceptions and Concerns, and Alternatives

Now that you have a better understanding of what sodium hydroxide is, let’s explore this powerful alkaline compound on a few different angles.

Benefits and Functions of Sodium Hydroxide in Skincare Products

There are several key benefits/functions of this ingredient when incorporated into skincare products, such as:

1. Ensuring Product Stability: One of the primary benefits of using sodium hydroxide in skincare formulations is that it helps maintain the stability of the product. By adjusting the pH, sodium hydroxide ensures that a formulation stays balanced, which is important for preserving the integrity and effectiveness of active ingredients.
2. Creating Effective Cleansers: Sodium hydroxide is traditionally used in the creation of soaps and cleansers due to its role in the saponification process. Studies suggest that sodium hydroxide may support the production of effective, yet gentle cleansers by enabling the conversion of oils and fats into soap. This process not only cleanses the skin but also helps remove impurities and excess oil.
3. Supporting Skin-Friendly Formulations: When used in small amounts, sodium hydroxide helps skincare products remain within a pH range that is compatible with the skin’s natural barrier. The skin’s barrier function is vital for protecting against environmental stressors and maintaining moisture levels. Sodium hydroxide’s role in pH adjustment can support the development of skin-friendly formulations that align with the skin’s needs.

Common Misconceptions and Concerns About Sodium Hydroxide

On the opposite side of the benefits, there are some common misconceptions and concerns to be aware of:

1. It’s Always Harmful: Many people believe that sodium hydroxide is dangerous and should never be used on the skin. But in reality, when used in appropriate concentrations (typically very low), sodium hydroxide is safe for skin application. It helps in adjusting the pH of cosmetic formulations, making them effective and less irritating.
2. It’s the Same as Lye: Sodium hydroxide is often confused with lye, leading to fear about its use in cosmetics. While sodium hydroxide is indeed lye, its use in skincare products is highly controlled. The lye used in soap making, for example, is neutralized during the process, resulting in a safe end product.
3. It Causes Skin Irritation: Many assume that any product containing sodium hydroxide will irritate the skin. The irritation, however, depends on the concentration and formulation. Properly formulated products with sodium hydroxide are designed to be gentle and effective.
4. Only for Harsh Products: Sodium hydroxide is thought to be used only in harsh chemical peels or aggressive cleansers. In reality, it can be found in a variety of products, including gentle cleansers, to help maintain pH balance without causing damage.
5. Affects All Skin Types Negatively: There’s a belief that sodium hydroxide is unsuitable for sensitive skin. Many formulations are designed specifically for sensitive skin and can include sodium hydroxide at safe levels. It’s essential to look for products that list it among the ingredients, indicating it's present in a carefully balanced way.
6. It’s Unnatural and Synthetic: Some consumers prefer products labeled as "natural" and believe sodium hydroxide is entirely synthetic and, therefore, harmful. While sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound, it is a naturally occurring substance found in the environment. Its use in skincare is a part of a larger trend towards formulating effective products, whether synthetic or natural.
7. All Products Containing It Are Unsafe: If a product contains sodium hydroxide, it must be harmful or ineffective. That’s not exactly true, as the safety and effectiveness of a product depend on the overall formulation, including all ingredients and their concentrations. Products from reputable brands typically adhere to safety standards.
8. It's Only for Chemical Reactions: Sodium hydroxide is only used in chemical reactions and has no benefits for skin. That’s not true at all, as we discussed earlier here, because beyond pH adjustment, sodium hydroxide can help with the emulsification process in formulations, leading to more stable and effective products.

Natural Alternatives to Sodium Hydroxide in Skincare

For those seeking natural alternatives, there are a lot of options that can fulfill similar roles without the potential irritation associated with sodium hydroxide: 

1. Apple Cider Vinegar: Apple cider vinegar has a natural acidic pH that can help balance skin’s pH levels. Known for its antibacterial properties, it can also help improve skin tone and clarity.
2. Lemon Juice: With its acidic nature, lemon juice can be used to adjust pH in formulations. It offers brightening properties, making it beneficial for dull skin, but should be used cautiously due to its potential to cause photosensitivity.
3. Citric Acid: A natural acid derived from citrus fruits; citric acid can help adjust the pH of skincare products to a more skin-friendly level. It also offers antioxidant properties and can promote gentle exfoliation.
4. Tartaric Acid: Found in grapes, tartaric acid can serve as a pH adjuster in skincare formulations. It has exfoliating properties and can enhance the effectiveness of other ingredients.
5. Lactic Acid: Derived from milk and certain plant sources, lactic acid is a gentle alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that can adjust pH levels. It provides exfoliation, hydration, and improves skin texture.
6. Boric Acid: Can help adjust pH levels. Antiseptic properties make it useful in treating minor skin irritations and can help balance oil production.
7. Glycolic Acid: An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that can help lower pH. It’s a potent exfoliant that can improve skin texture, firmness, and radiance.
8. Amino Acids: Can help to adjust pH levels. Hydrating and supportive of skin barrier function is what they’re known for. They also help in promoting collagen production.
9. Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate): A mild alkaline substance, baking soda can be used to neutralize acidic formulations. It can soothe irritated skin and help with exfoliation but should be used sparingly to avoid disrupting the skin's natural barrier.
10. Honey: Honey can naturally stabilize the pH of formulations and provide humectant properties. It has antibacterial and moisturizing effects, making it suitable for various skin types.
11. Plant Extracts: Certain plant extracts (like aloe vera and chamomile) can help to balance pH. Provide soothing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
12. Sodium Bicarbonate: Can act as a mild abrasive and a buffering agent in formulations. It could help cleanse the skin and balance pH but should be used carefully to avoid over-exfoliation.
13. Potassium Hydroxide: While it’s still an alkaline agent, potassium hydroxide is often considered milder than sodium hydroxide and can be derived from natural sources. It can adjust pH in formulations effectively without the harshness of sodium hydroxide.

Forever Beaumore Skincare Products That Use and Don’t Use Sodium Hydroxide

Here at Forever Beaumore, you can explore our wide range of skincare products, especially for skincare products that contain and don’t contain this alkaline compound. 

Products that contain sodium hydroxide:

• Age Reverse Serum: This serum contains sodium hydroxide and is designed to boost moisture retention and stimulate collagen production. It includes ingredients like squalane, licorice root, and botanical ceramides​.

Products that do not contain sodium hydroxide:

• Glamore Beauty Cream: This multi-use cream, which softens and evens out skin tone, does not include sodium hydroxide. Its key ingredients are olive oil, squalane, and botanical extracts like bearberry and evening primrose​.
• Stem-C Serum: This vitamin C-rich serum, which focuses on brightening and firming the skin, is formulated without sodium hydroxide​.
• Age Defense Cleansing Mousse: A gentle cleansing and toning foam, this product also does not contain sodium hydroxide. Its main ingredients include natural oils and plant extracts such as black cumin and rose hip​.
• Stem Cell Gel Moisturizer: This lightweight gel moisturizer focuses on soothing and protecting the skin with ingredients like agave stem cells and propolis, and it does not contain sodium hydroxide​.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is sodium hydroxide safe for all skin types?
A: Sodium hydroxide is generally safe for all skin types when used in low concentrations as a pH adjuster. However, if you have sensitive skin, it’s always a good idea to patch-test new products to ensure they don’t cause irritation.

Q: Does sodium hydroxide cause irritation?
A: When used in low concentrations, sodium hydroxide is unlikely to cause irritation. In soap-making, the sodium hydroxide is neutralized, meaning it is no longer active in the final product. In pH-balanced skincare formulations, sodium hydroxide is used in minimal amounts to ensure it does not harm the skin.

Q: Why is sodium hydroxide used in cleansers?
Sodium hydroxide plays a key role in the saponification process, which transforms oils and fats into soap. This makes it an important ingredient in many cleansers, helping to break down dirt, oil, and impurities.

Q: Are there natural alternatives to sodium hydroxide in skincare?
A: Yes, there are natural alternatives to sodium hydroxide in skincare, such as potassium hydroxide or baking soda. However, it’s important to note that sodium hydroxide, when used correctly, is safe and effective in skincare formulations.

Q: Can I use products with sodium hydroxide if I have sensitive skin?
A: Most people with sensitive skin can safely use products that contain sodium hydroxide in small amounts. However, as with any ingredient, it’s always recommended to test the product on a small area of skin to ensure no adverse reactions.

To Use or Not to Use Sodium Hydroxide in Your Skin Care Routine, That’s Still the Question…

Sodium hydroxide is a common ingredient in skincare products, particularly cleansers and pH-adjusting formulations. Again, while it may sound intimidating due to its strong alkaline nature, sodium hydroxide is safe for use in low concentrations and is carefully regulated in the skincare industry. When used appropriately, sodium hydroxide can support the effectiveness and stability of skincare products without causing harm to the skin.

So, by understanding its role and function, you can feel more confident about using products that contain sodium hydroxide. And ultimately, with the right balance and formulation, sodium hydroxide can be a valuable ingredient in achieving healthy, hydrated skin.

Sources:

1. Davis, K., et al. (2020). The Role of pH Adjusters in Skincare. Journal of Cosmetic Chemistry.
2. Thompson, L. (2021). Understanding Sodium Hydroxide and Its Role in Skincare Formulations. Skin Science Review.
3. Johnson, A. (2019). Safety Assessment of Sodium Hydroxide in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products. Journal of Dermatological Science.

Disclaimer: **These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.